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In 1854 Britain entered the Crimean War and withdrew all but 3000 troops from North America. To provide for the defense of Canada the Legislature passed the Militia Act of 1855 to authorize a Militia of 5000 men including five Batteries of Artillery Located in Quebec, Ottawa, Montreal, Hamilton, and Kingston. The "Militia Field Battery Hamilton" officially came into being on December 6, 1855 it was renamed the 4th (Hamilton) Field Battery in 1895. In 1894, the Canadian volunteer militia artillery included 17 field batteries. Field batteries were mostly armed with British 9-pounder Rifled Muzzle Loading guns, which were obsolete by the 1890s and were replaced with British 18-pounder Quick-Firing guns beginning in 1906. The uniform of the Royal Canadian Artillery was very similar to that of the British Royal Artillery except that Canadians normally wore white 'universal' pattern helmets on all occasions rather than the blue-black 'home service' helmet worn by the British gunners.

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